Journal article

The PERCIVAL soft X-ray imager

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Publication Details

Author list: Graafsma, Heinz

Publication year: 2015

ISSN: 1748-0221

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/10/02/C02008

View additional information: View in Web of Science


Abstract

With the increased brilliance of state-of-the-art Synchrotron radiation sources and the advent of Free Electron Lasers enabling revolutionary science on atomic length and time scales with EUV to X-ray photons comes an urgent need for suitable photon imaging detectors. Requirements include high frame rates, very large dynamic range, single-photon counting capability with low probability of false positives, and (multi)-megapixels. PERCIVAL (""Pixelated Energy Resolving CMOS Imager, Versatile And Large"") is currently being developed by a collaboration of DESY, RAL, Elettra, DLS and Pohang to address this need for the soft X-ray regime. PERCIVAL is a monolithic active pixel sensor (MAPS), i.e. based on CMOS technology. It will be back-thinned to access its primary energy range of 250 eV to 1 keV with target efficiencies above 90%. According to its preliminary specifications, the roughly 10 × 10 cm2, 3.5k × 3.7k monolithic ""PERCIVAL13M"" sensor will operate at frame rates up to 120 Hz (commensurate with most FELs) and use multiple gains within its 27 µm pixels to measure 1 to ~ 105 (500 eV) simultaneously-arriving photons. A smaller ""PERCIVAL2M"" with ~ 1.4k × 1.5k pixels is also planned. Currently, small-scale back-illuminated prototype systems (160 × 210 pixels of 25 µm pitch) are undergoing detailed testing with X-rays and optical photons. In March 2014, a prototype sensor was tested at 350 eV-2 keV at Elettras TwinMic beamline. The data recorded include diffraction patterns at 350 eV and 400 eV, knife edge and sub-pixel pinhole illuminations, and comparisons of different pixel types. Another prototype chip will be submitted in fall 2014, first larger sensors could be in hand in late 2015.


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Last updated on 2017-05-10 at 15:13